The third sensitivity study used the control run equations and forcing but
closed all open lateral boundaries, preventing the transport of mass, heat or
salinity through the Tsushima, Tsugaru, Soya, and Tatar Straits. With inflow
or outflow, the JES vertically integrated circulation pattern is more
pronounced in the summer than in the winter. This is because 
(control -
no transport) pattern (Fig. 9) is quite similar to 
(control run)
(Fig. 4) in the summer than in the winter. Increased circulation in the summer
by the lateral transport generally leads to greater horizontal and vertical
variabilities of the current structure. In the winter, has positive
values (2 Sv), and has negative values in JB. This suggests that
the lateral transport reduces the JB cyclonic gyre by 2 Sv in the winter.