Below is an outline of the assumptions we have made in planning for disaster relief needs as well as projected equipment needs. We then outline an action plan, starting 12 months before disaster hits.
I. Assumptions:
- CONUS disaster of Katrina or 7.0 or higher earthquake or 9/11 terrorist
magnitude catastrophic event.
- Active duty team deployment with Title 10 considerations addressed to point
of proper authorization for active duty personnel deployment
- Disaster zone has no power, no comms of any kind within 100 miles, no surviving
roads into area, and no nearby large airfield lift capability (helo airlift
assumed).
- Disaster zone has no fossil fuel access.
- Disaster zone has no water, personnel shelter, or sanitary equipment (showers,
heads, etc).
- All necessary equipment is on hand staged for 4 hour deployment by qualified
personnel.
- Force protection of deployed personnel will be provided by either NGB or
authorized Title 10 uniformed personnel.
- Timeline below assumes that a rapid response 3-5 person "flyaway" team
deploys in first 4-36 hours to establish immediate SATCOM, WiFi and push-to-talk
radio communications capability with global reach.
- Flyaway team to be augmented by 3-5 additional personnel after 36 hour
point with add‘l comms equipment, fuel, shelter, water, food, sanitary health/comfort
capability, etc.
- Deployable personnel are all uniformed or a team of uniformed personnel
and/or civilian contractor personnel with proper access credentials and clearances.
- Comms required at unclassified, NIPRNET, SIPRNET, and JWCS levels - voice
and data.
- Equipment suites include a "small", a "medium" and a "large" wireless cloud
capability.
II. Small Equipment Support Suite Makeup:
The following support equipment is required for Advance Team (ADVON) and for initial deployable team.
A command vehicle or equivalent transit case suite is required for overall program management and task coordination with the following list of ideal components/capabilities:
- Small 3-5 Person Local WiFi/SATCOM Comms Equipment Suite (all cases <50 pounds and airline luggage checkable)
- Basic VSAT terminal with at least 2 mbps/2mbps Internet access capability
- Ten client, 100 meter, non-meshed WiFi cloud capable equipment (such as Hughes 9201 BGAN unit)
- MS Street/Trips with GPS receiver
- Garmin 2710 (3-D, dash mount with sandbag holder)
- Each type of cell phone with service
- Each type of sat phone with service
- Each type of Quad Band GSM/GPRS/EDGE PCMCIA card for laptop broadband
- Each type of push-to-talk radio possible in a given area (UHF, VHF, HF, SATCOM)
- Both AC and DC chargers for each of the communication devices above
- Car inverter with multiple plugs tri or quad cigarette lighter adaptor
- External mount adaptor for the sat phones (each type) as the antennas on the phone units can‘t protrude through the roof of the car when driving
- High power automobile spotlight
- Standard car emergency first aid kit (flares, MREs, etc.)
- Hand-held GPS/FRS radio
- Digital video and still cameras
- Disposable still camera (backup)
- Binoculars
- Head-mount flashlight
- Foul weather gear (e.g., rain coat, pants, boots, hat, etc.)
- Laptop and backup laptop loaded with all the standard applications (Google Earth Pro (GEP), VSee, Skype, etc.)
- Headset for Skype personal digital assistant (PDA)
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III. Timeline: ("T" represents the time of catastrophic event):
T - 12 months:
- All
necessary equipment acquired for 2-4 week deployment that can create a
fully self-contained Internet connected wireless cloud for a 20 by 20 mile
area.
- All
necessary support contracts are in place for satellite Internet service
(VSAT and satphone), remote trouble desk support, ground transport or heavy
airlift capacity (helo/fixed wing), fuel, water, shelter, food, etc.
- NORTHCOM
should place IDIQ contracts that National Guards, state/local folks can
buy off on to verify that they will have assurance of
interoperability. Contracts
should have aggressive tech refresh capabilities.
- Preparations,
testing, training, and similar deployment arrangements should be made for
at least two deployable Network Operations Centers such as the Deployable
Joint Command & Control Center (DJC2) or equivalent and these NOCs
should be remote disaster zone management capable (aka SNMP capable),
should be set up near to but outside the disaster zone, should have
call-center capability, should be optested and integrated into the
training, and part of the equipment refresh schedule of the deployable
disaster zone equipment suites.
T - 6 months:
- All
deployable personnel are fully trained to deploy and operate all
equipment.
- All
equipment and personnel are co-staged in key locations around the country
(east coast, west coast north and south, gulf states east and west).
- Pre-catastrophic
event CONOPS fully developed and used as basis for regular training of deployable personnel.
- Training
exercises (equipment and personnel) with frequency as appropriate
T - 96 hours (assuming hurricane-type event with pre-event warning):
- Deployable
team mobilized for hot standby for 4 hour deployment notice.
- All equipment
optested and loaded on airlift platform (helo, vehicle, fixed wing) and
ready to launch.
T - 24 hours:
- Teams
and equipment launch, travel, and stage near expected disaster zone.
- All equipment
re-optested after transport and prepared for field deployment.
- Deploy
Advanced Team (ADVON) to site survey area (if applicable) for suitable
location to set up infrastructure and to coordinate with local emergency
responders
Back to Timeline
T + 4 hours:
- Small
3-5 Person Local WiFi/SATCOM Comms Equipment Suite (all cases <50
pounds and airline luggage checkable)
- Basic
VSAT terminal with at least 2 mbps/2mbps Internet access capability
- Ten
client, 100 meter, non-meshed WiFi cloud capable equipment (such as Hughes
9201 BGAN unit)
- Portable
fossil fuel or solar generator capability (1-3 KW)
- LMRoIP
and VoIP capable equipment
- Basic
IP router with Cisco Call Manager or equivalent VoIP software
- NIPRNET,
SIPRNET, JWCS capable voice and data equipment with proper keymat and
cleared personnel
- Quantity
5 each, UHF, VHF, FRS, 800 Mhz radio handsets
- Integrated
push-to-talk radio transceiver suite
- Eight
laptops
- Tents,
food, water for 72-96 hours
- Set
up all gear, shelter, power
- Establish
initial voice and data comms and Internet reachback through TCP/IP to
remote coordinating facility
- Establish
communications and coordinate all activities with nearest military and
government Emergency Operation Facility personnel
Back to Timeline
T + 48 hours:
Deploy and set
up medium 8-10 Person Local WiFi/WiMAX/SATCOM Comms Equipment Suite (airlift
capable packaging):
- Helo
lift or drivable fully self-contained command vehicle (SUV or equivalent)
- Quantity
3-6 VSAT satellite communications terminals with at least 2X2 mbps service
- LMRoIP
and VoIP capable equipment
- WiMAX
equipment suite capable of five 3-hop, 150 mile broadband terrestrial
reach links - capable of reachback to nearest surviving copper/fiber
telecom infrastructure and/or to hub-spoke expansion via WiMAX of the WiFi
clouds
- Coordinate
with NORTHCOM Spectrum Management Office for cellular, push-to-talk radio,
WiFi and WiMAX deployment to ensure compliance and matching to spectrum
availability - whether military, government, or unlicensed spectrum.
- Quantity
10 meshed WiFi Access Points to create a 1-2 mile meshed WiFi cloud
- NIPRNET,
SIPRNET, JWCS capable voice and data equipment with proper keymat and
cleared personnel
- Fully
functional transit case based Cellular On Wheels (COW) system and required
antennas
- Assortment
of 15-20 COW compatible cellular handsets
- 15-20
laptops
- 150
KW fossil-fuel power generation capability - three 50-watt generators
(assumes fuel available)
- Secure
fax/voice telephony equipment suite
- Tents,
food, water for 7-14 days
Back to Timeline
T + 72 hours:
Deploy large 20-25 person regional WiFi/WiMAX/SATCOM Comms
Equipment Suite (airlift capable packaging) to expand wireless capabilities for
city-wide deployment:
- Helo
lift or drivable fully self-contained large command vehicle (Tractor
Trailer or equivalent)
- LMRoIP
and VoIP capable equipment
- WiMAX
equipment suite capable of five 3-hop, 150 mile broadband terrestrial
reach links - capable of reachback to nearest surviving copper/fiber
telecom infrastructure and/or to hub-spoke expansion via WiMAX of the WiFi
clouds
- Quantity
300 meshed WiFi Access Points to create a 10-20 mile meshed WiFi cloud
- Quantity
6-10 VSAT satellite communications terminals with at least 2X2 mbps
service
- Quantity
3-6 VSAT satellite communications terminals with at least 10-10 mbps
service
- NIPRNET,
SIPRNET, JWCS capable voice and data equipment with proper keymat and
cleared personnel
- Multiple
instances of a fully functional truck based Cellular On Wheels (COW) or
equivalent system and required antennas
- Assortment
of 30-40 COW compatible cellular handsets
- 30-40
laptops
- 150
KW fossil-fuel power generation capability - three 50-watt generators
(assumes fuel available)
- Secure
fax/voice telephony equipment suite
- Tents,
food, water for 3-4 weeks
Back to Timeline
T + 7 days:
- Deploy
additional personnel and equipment as disaster scale and on the ground
requirements dictate.
- Execute
IDIQ contracts for food, water, fuel, shelter as necessary for expansion.
Back to Timeline
T + 14 days:
- Rotate
fresh personnel and/or deploy additional personnel and equipment as disaster
scale and on the ground requirements dictate.
- Execute
IDIQ contracts for food, water, fuel, shelter as necessary for expansion.
IV. Notes:
- Equipment
suites, personnel counts, expansion area recommendations, etc, are based
on Study Team experiences in recent major CONUS and international large
scale catastrophic disaster events.
- Consideration
should be made for relocating staged equipment, NOCs, etc, in the case of
a catastrophe near initial staging area, to allow for surging equipment
back into disaster area from a safe location.
- Recommend
combination of military and commercial satellite services (all types) as
overload on both sources is likely in a major catastrophic event.
- It is
our opinion that a combination of military/guard personnel and industry partners
(partners who’s equipment is in the field) be considered for all
deployments, as industry support in the field can be critical for overall
deployment success.
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